16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

1.          Halo semuanya,...kali ini saya mempublikasikan tentang tenses yang biasa digunakan untuk belajar bahasa Inggris..Semoga bermanfaat ya....

  Simple Present Tense

Simple Present tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang menjadi kebiasaan, atau untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang merupakan kebenaran umum.

We use the simple present tense to talk about things is general.We not think only about the   present.We use it to say that something happens all the time, or that something is true general. And we use the simple present tense when we say how often we do things.

·         Sugar is sweet

·         Sarah goes to school every morning

Rumus  :

 (+) : S + V1 ( s / es )

Untuk penggunaan s / es setelah V1 yaitu apabila Subyeknya orang ke3 tunggal (he,she,it)  dan hanya pada kalimat positif.

·        He serves breakfast

·        She goes to school every morning

(-) : S + do / does + not + V1

·         They don`t drink milk every morning

·         She doesn`t drink milk every morning

(?) : do / does + S + V1

·         Do they drink milk every morning ?

·         Does she drink milk every morning ?

Catatan :

Ø  Do digunakan untuk subyek  I,You,We dan They

Ø  Does digunakan untuk subyek He,She dan It

Adverb of time : every, always, usually, Sometimes, Seldom, Generally, and Often

2.       Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung sekarang pada saat berbicara.

We use the present continuos tense when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking, when we talk about a period around the present, we talk about changing situations.

Rumus :

(+) : S + be + V-ing + O

·           They are playing foot ball now

·           She is playing foot ball now

 (-) : S + be + not + V-ing + O

·           They aren`t playing foot ball now

·           She isn`t playing foot ball now

(?) : be + S + V-ing + O

·           Are they playing foot ball now ?

·           Is She playing foot ball now ?

Adverb of time : now, at present, this time, this moment and right now

3.       Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan bahwa suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah terjadi.

We often use the perfect tense to give new information or to announce a recent happening.

Rumus :

 (+) : S + have / has + V3                                        (+) : S + have/has + been + adj,noun,adverb + V3

·         I have stayed in Bali                                                ◌    I have been a doctor for five years

·         She has stayed in Bali                                             ◌    She has been a doctor for five years

(-) : S + have / has + not + V3

·         I have stayed in Bali              

·         She has stayed in Bali            

(?) :  have / has + S + V3  

·         have  you stayed in Bali ?

·         has he stayed in Bali              ?

                 Adverb  : for , since,  already, just,  Ever, often, almost, usually

4.       Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian atau   

peristiwa yang sudah terjadi dan masih berlangsung bahkan sangat mungkin akan

berlanjut. Dari dulu hingga kini bahkan nanti. Kata “sudah” atau “dari dulu” disini bisa saja

waktunya kemarin, 2 jam lalu, se-abad lalu, bisa juga beberapa menit yang lalu.

We use the present perfect continuos when we talk about an action,which began in the past and has recently stopped,we also use the present perfect continuos tense to task or say long sometime has been happening.Then we use the the present perfect continuos (with how long, for and since) for actions repeated over a period of time. 

Rumus  :

(+):  S + have / has + been + Ving

·         I have been learning english for 3 years

·         She has been learning english for 3 years

(-):  S + have / has + not + been + Ving

·         I havn`t been learning english for 3 years

·         She hasn`t  been learning english for 3 years

(?):  Have / has + S + been + Ving 

·         have you been learning english for 3 years ?

·         has she been learning english for 3 years ?

Adverb of time : for, since, lately, recently, long, etc

5.       Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tenseadalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau.

We ue the simple past tense to talk about actions or situations in the past.  

Rumus :

(+): S + V2 + O                                                                         (+) : S + was/were + V2 + adjective, noun, adverb

·         They went to Tokyo last month                ◌  She was sick last day

·          She go home two minutes  ago                ◌  They were at school yesterday 

(-): S + did not + V1 + O                                                    (-) : S + was/were + not + adjective, noun, adverb

·         They did not go to Tokyo last month        ◌  She was not sick last day

·         She did not go home two minutes ago       ◌  They were not at school yesterday

(?): Did + S + V1 + O ?                                                            (?) : was/were + S + adjective ,noun, adverb

·         Did They go  to Tokyo last month ?         ◌  was she sick last day

·         Did She go home two minutes ago ?        ◌  were they at school yesterday 

   Adverb of time : yesterday, last…, …..ago

6.       Past Continuos Tense

Past Continuos Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau.atau dengan kata lain  kegiatan yang sedang terjadi, tetapi tidak sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan sedang terjadi dulu, alias sudah lewat

      We use the past continuos tense to say that someone was in the middle doing something at a   certain time and we often use the past continuos tense (I was doing) and the simple past (I did) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else.

·             This time last year I was living in Australia

·              I saw Dani in the park.He was sitting on the grass and reading a book

Formula :

(+ ) : S + was/were  +  Ving

·         They were reading when  Amir came to my house yesterday

·         She was reading when  Amir came to my house yesterday

(-) :  S + was/were  +  not  + Ving

·         They were not reading when  Amir came to my house yesterday

·         She was not reading when  Amir came to my house yesterday

(?) : Was/Were  +  S  +  Ving

·          Were they reading when  Amir came to my house yesterday  ?

·          Was she rading when  Amir came to my house yesterday  ?

 Adverb of time : as, when, while

7.       Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah selesai terjadi di waktu lampau,sedang perbuatan lain yang dinyatakan dalam Past Simple Tense terjadi kemudian.

      We use the past perfect tense to say that something had already happened before this time.

Formula :

(+) : S + had + V3

·         When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

·         Before I had arrived home, they slept

(-) : S + had + not + V3

·         When my brother arrived , I had  not painted my motor cycle

·         Before I had not arrived home, they slept

(?) : Had + S + V3

·         Had you painted my motor cycle, When my brother arrived ?

·         Had you arrived home, they slept ?

Adverb of time : after, before, as soon as, until, when, while

8.       Past Perfect Continuos Tense

Past Perfect Continuos Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau aktivitas yang telah sedang atau dilakukan atau berlangsung di waktu lampau.

We can use the past perfick continuos tense to say how long something had been happening before something else happened.

·         When I looked out the window, it had been raining.

Formula :

 (+)  : S + had + been + Ving

·         They had been playing football.

·         She had been singing

 (-)  : S + had + not + been + Ving

·         They had not been playing football.

·         She had not been singing

 (?) : Had + S + been + Ving

·         Had they been playing football ?

·         Had she been singing ?

9.       Simple  Future Tense

      Simple Present Future Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa      

yang akan terjadi di waktu mendatang.

     We use both `will` and `going to` to talk about our future actions but there is a clear difference.Will : we use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking.The   

speaker has not decide before.Going to : we use going to when we have already decided to do

something.

Rumus :

(+): S + will + V1

·         They will visit Tokyo

·         I will repair it tomorrow

(-): S + will + not + V1

·         They will not visit Tokyo

·         I will not repair it tomorrow

(?): Will + S + V1

·         Will they visit Tokyo ?

·         Will you repair it tomorrow ?

Adverb of time : tomorrow, next, soon, tonight,the day after tomorrow, by and by

10.    Future Continuos Tense

Present Future Continuos Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau

peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu mendatang.

       We use Present Future Continuos Tense to say that we be in the middle of doing something at a certain time in the future.We can also use will be doing in another way : to talk about things which are already planned or decided

Formula :

(+): S + will + be + Ving

·         I  will be working

·         She will be learning music

(-): S + will not + be + Ving

·         I  will not be working

·         She will not be learning music

(?): Will + S + be + Ving

·         Will you be working ?

·         Will she be learning music ?

11.     Future Perfect Tense

 Present Future Perfect Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa

yang telah selesai dikerjakan di waktu mendatang.

       We use Present Future Perfect Tense to say something will already have happened before certain time in the time.

Formula :

(+) : S + will + have + V3

·         We will have finished this building next year

·         He will have worked for ten years by 2011

(-) : S + will + not + have + V3

·         We will not have finished this building next year

·         He will not have worked for ten years by 2011

(?) : Will + S + have + V3

·          Will they have finished this building next year  ?

·         Will he  have worked for ten years by 2011 ?

12.     Future Perfect Continous Tense

       Present Future Perfect Continous Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan bahwa suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa akan sudah berlangsung berapa lama atau akan sudah berapa banyak pada suatu saat tertentu di waktu yang akan datang, serta perbuatan itu masih akan teerus berlangsung.

Formula :

(+): S + will + have + been + Ving

·         Astra will have been flaying

·         We will have been living in this house for eight years

(-): S + will + not + have + been + Ving

·         Astra will not have been flaying

·         We will not have been living in this house for eight years

(?): Will + S + have + been + Ving

·         Will Astra  have been flaying ?

·         Will they  have been living in this house for eight years ?

13.     Past Future Tense

     Past Future Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan tentang suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan terjadi di waktu lampau.

            We can use would when we look back on the past and remember things that often Happened                

Formula :

(+): S + Auxilary (would) + V1+Adverb

·         I would go at 7 am when He came to my house yesterday.

·         She would have a swim yesterday, but unfortunately she felt sick.

(-): S + Auxilary (would) + not + V1+Adverb

·         I would not go at 7 am when He came to my house yesterday.

·         She would not have a swim yesterday, but unfortunately she felt sick.

(?):  Auxilary (would) + S + V1+Adverb

·         Would you go at 7 am when He came to my house yesterday ?

·         Would she have a swim yesterday, but unfortunately she felt sick ?

14.     Past Future Continuous Tense

Past Future Continuous Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan tentang suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi di waktu lampau.

Formula :

(+): S+ Auxiliary (would) + be + Ving

·         I would be taking exercise when he phoned me this morning.

·         I would be swimming at 9 yesterday.

(-): S + Auxiliary (would) + not + be + Ving

·         I would not be taking exercise when he phoned me this morning.

·         I would not be swimming at 9 yesterday.

(?):  Auxiliary (would )+ S + be + Ving

·         Would you be taking exercise when he phoned me this morning ?

·         Would you be swimming at 9 yesterday ?

15.     Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Perfect Tense adalah tense yang menyatakan bahwa suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa akan telah selesai dikerjakan di waktu lampau.

Formula :

(+): S + Auxiliary + have + V3

·         You would have bought a luxury house if you had a lot of money.

·         I should have met her if I come earlier.

(-): S + Auxiliary + not + have + V3

·         You would not have bought a luxury house if you had a lot of money.

·         I should not have met her if I come earlier.

(?): Auxiliary + S + have + V3

·          would you have bought a luxury house if you had a lot of money  ?

·          should you have met her if I come earlier ?

16.     Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah tense yang menggunakan tentang suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang seharusnya telah dilakukan beberapa lama pada waktu lampau, dan kejadian tersebut seharusnya masih sedang berlangsung pada saat itu.

Formula :

(+): S + Auxilary (would/should) + have + been + Ving

·         I would have been swimming for 30 minutes

·         I should have been working for PT.Alim Rugi for ten years in 1997

(-): S + (would/should) + not + have + been + Ving

·         I would have not been swimming for 30 minutes

·         I should have not been working for PT.Alim Rugi for ten years in 1997

(?): Auxilary (would/should) + S + have + been + Ving

·         Would you  have been swimming for 30 minutes ?

·         Should  you have been working for PT.Alim Rugi for ten years in 1997 ?